Since Stack Exchange allows also some limited use of html, you can use <!---
...--->
to make a "comment" inside the post. Check the source code of this answer for an example.
I will add that I have seen warnings that mixing MarkDown and HTML too much might sometimes lead to problems, I do not know much about types of are known for html comments.
EDIT: If I understood correctly the information from the link provided in Emil Jeřábek's comment, HTML comments aren't officially supported. So one probably should not rely on the fact that they will always work. (On the other hand, if they are used just a temporary workaround, maybe that isn't that terrible.) See also: What HTML tags are allowed on Stack Exchange sites?
EDIT2: In the meantime, Emil Jeřábek added an answer where he explains this in detail.
This post mentions problems with >
inside the comment: > is closing HTML comments without a -- delimiter. The same issue is mentioned here: Can't Seem to comment out a link. (And in both cases it is mentioned that it is status-by-design and not a bug.)
Let us try some test concerning this.
You can see that the following input does not hide everything:
We'll try both $a<b$ and $a>b$ (with and without dollars):
<!-- a<b -->
<!-- a>b -->
<!-- $a<b$ -->
<!-- $a>b$ -->
<!-- Link to [this question](https://meta.mathoverflow.net/q/4781) -->
We'll try both $a<b$ and $a>b$ (with and without dollars):
b -->